Trend analysis of morbidity and mortality of colorectal cancer in China from 1988 to 2009 / 中华胃肠外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the trend change of the morbidity and mortality of colorectal cancer in China in order to provide reference to the prevention and control of colorectal cancer.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>According to the 1-3 volumes of "Pathogenesis and death of malignancies in pilot program city and county of China", "Pathogenesis and death of cancer in China"(2003-2007) and "Registration annual report of tumor in China" published in 2011 and 2012, data of pathogenesis and death of colorectal cancer from 10 tumor registration spots, including Beijing urban, Shanghai urban, Wuhan urban, Harbin urban (defined as city urban), and Hebei Ci County, Jiangsu Qidong District, Zhejiang Jiashan District, Guangxi Fusui County, Fujian Changle District, Henan Lin County (defined as rural district), between 1988 and 2009 were collected. The morbidity and mortality were elucidated with world population standardized rate. Ratio of pathogenesis to death was calculated with crude rate of morbidity and mortality. Data of 22 years were enrolled into the linear regression analysis to calculate the annual change rate of morbidity and mortality statistically.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) Colon cancer: morbidity presented increasing trend; male morbidity in city urban increased faster; mortality presented increasing trend as well; no significant difference of increasing velocity was observed between city urban and rural district; morbidity and mortality in city urban were higher compared to rural district; morbidity and mortality of males were higher compared to females; except stable Fujian Changle District, ratio of pathogenesis to death presented decreased trend in Shanghai urban and Hebei Ci County, and increased trend in other 7 spots (all P<0.05). (2) Rectal cancer: morbidity presented increasing trend, and its increasing velocity of city urban was faster compared to rural district; mortality presented decreased trend, especially in females, and this trend in rural district was worse compared to city urban; morbidity and mortality of males were higher compared to females, while no significant difference was observed between city urban and rural district; morbidity and mortality of males and females in Zhejiang Jiashan District were all decreased (all P<0.05); except stable Harbin city, ratio of pathogenesis to death presented increased trend in other 9 spots (all P<0.05). (3) Ratio analysis of morbidity and mortality showed that percentage of colon cancer increased gradually in all 10 spots between 1988-2009.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>In the past 2 decades, the overall morbidity and mortality of colorectal cancer are higher in city urban and in male as compared with rural district and female. Colon cancer has higher morbidity than rectal cancer and its morbidity and mortality present increased trend, while morbidity of rectal cancer presents increased trend but its mortality presents decreased trend.</p>

Present status and future of multi-disciplinary treatment for colorectal cancer / 中华胃肠外科杂志

Multi-disciplinary treatment (MDT) is an effective pattern to implement the standardized and individualized treatment for cancer. Under the pattern of MDT which integrates the surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, interventional therapy, targeted therapy and immune therapy, there has been a landmark progress in the diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer. Curative resection followed by adjuvant chemotherapy has been established as a standard treatment for stage III( colon cancer, but it is still controversial about whether patients with stage II( colon cancer should receive adjuvant chemotherapy and which regimen is preferred. Decision making regarding the use of adjuvant therapy for stage II( patients should not only depend upon the clinicopathological features but also individualized discussion between patients and physicians about the biological behavior of the disease, evidence supporting the efficacy, and possible toxicity. Radical operation following neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy is currently the standard modality for locally advanced rectal cancer, but the strategy of 'Wait and See' is proposed by some researchers for those achieving complete response after chemoradiotherapy, although there is no sufficient supportive data yet. Patients with metastatic colorectal cancer should undergo an upfront evaluation and discussion by a multidisciplinary team before the initial treatment. Achieving a negative surgical margin with adequate remanent liver reserve is the criteria for determining the resectability of liver metastasis. Both adjuvant and neoadjuvant chemotherapy are two alternatives for initially resectable liver metastasis. Concomitant with the progress of medicine, the MDT is moving toward a precise treatment system oriented by genes and being able to predict the prognosis, efficacy and side effects exactly.

Can the weekday of surgery influence the prognosis of colorectal cancer patients? A retrospective study based on a single-center of large sample / 中华胃肠外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the impact of the weekday of surgery on the prognosis of patients with colorectal cancer.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A retrospective analysis was conducted in patients with colorectal cancer who underwent radical resection in Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center(FUSCC) between January 2007 and December 2013, and 4 971 patients were identified eligible. Statistical analyses were carried out between patients who received surgery on Monday to Thursday and those who received surgery on Friday. Chi-square test was used to analyze the relationship between clinicopathological parameters and day of surgery. T test was used to compare continuous variables between groups. The 5-year overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method, and compared by log-rank test.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There were no statistically significant differences between two groups in age, gender and pathological grade et al (all P>0.05). However, the number of dissected lymph node was higher in patients who received surgery on Monday to Thursday (median 16) compared with patients who received surgery on Friday (median 14), with statistically significant difference (P=0.038). The 5-year OS and DFS in all eligible patients were 78.0% and 55.0%, respectively. 5-year OS of patients in Monday to Thursday surgery group and Friday surgery group was 79.6% and 77.2%, while 5-year DFS in two groups was 57.8% and 50.4%. There were no significant differences in OS and DFS between two group, with P=0.882 and P=0.210, respectively. Subgroup analyses were conducted according to different pathological stages. 5-year OS of patients at stage I( in Monday to Thursday surgery group and Friday surgery group was 94.7% and 90.6% (P=0.742) and 5-year DFS was 85.1% and 78.2% (P=0.765). 5-year OS of patients at stage II( in two groups was 85.5% and 83.7% (P=0.496) and 5-year DFS was 72.7% and 62.8% (P=0.121). 5-year OS of patients at stage III( in two groups was 69.7% and 69.4%(P=0.354) and 5-year DFS was 41.8% and 37.4% (P=0.976). No statistically significant differences manifested in subgroup analyses.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Patients with colorectal cancer undergoing surgery on Monday to Thursday have similar long-term prognosis with those on Friday.</p>

The construction and the expression of V5 epitope fused human androgen receptor vector in the yeast cell / 生物医学工程学杂志

When we try to establish the gene recombinant yeast cell to screen the androgenic endocrine disruptors, the key procedure is the androgen receptor (AR) expression in the yeast cell. For this purpose, we obtained the GPD (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphote dehydrogenase) promoter from the yeast genosome of W303-1A using PCR system and inserting it into Swa I and BamH I sites of pYestrp2. The new constructed vector was named pGPD. The V5 epitope tag DNA with a 5'-BamH I and a 3'-EcoR I sticky end was cloned into the corresponding site of the pGPD vector to yield the vector of pGPDV5. The 2 723 bp full length AR ORF amplified by PCR from pcDNA3.1/AR was fused to V5 epitope tag DNA in pGPDV5 to give the AR yeast expression vector of pGPDV5/AR. This fused vector was transformed into the yeast cell (W303-1A). Western blot was used to detect the V5 fused protein of AR, in the protocol of which the primary monoclonal antibody (IgG(2a)) of mouse anti-V5 and the polyclonal secondary antibody of goat anti-mouse (IgG) linked to horseradish peroxidase (HRP) were used to detect the specific protein in the given sample of the transformed yeast extract. The result showed that the fused protein of AR was expressed successfully in the yeast cell.